Diseases in farmed shrimp are mainly caused by fluctuations in environmental factors such as pH, temperature, oxygen, salinity, alkalinity, H2S, NH3, and water clarity in the pond. When shrimp farmers do not properly manage these factors, combined with unfavorable weather, shrimp are more likely to become infected with disease.
To minimize losses caused by disease outbreaks, farmers should pay attention to maintaining a stable environment throughout the farming cycle. In particular, choose shrimp seed from reputable facilities with clear origins, and that have been tested disease-free for at least 3 common diseases: White Spot Disease, Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease, and Microsporidia.
POND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
The environmental parameters that need to be well managed include:
- pH: 7.5 – 8.5
- Temperature: 28 – 30°C
- Oxygen: ≥ 5 ppm
- Salinity: 10 – 25‰
- Alkalinity: 80 – 120 ppm
- H2S: ≤ 0.03 ppm
- NH3: ≤ 0.1 ppm
- Water clarity: 30 – 40 cm
Measuring these parameters daily and taking timely corrective action will help avoid major fluctuations in the environment and reduce the risk of disease outbreaks.
POND PREPARATION AND SHRIMP CARE
Initial investment in thorough pond preparation before stocking is very important. Intermediate hosts that carry pathogens and affect the shrimp’s intestines need to be eliminated. Regularly check shrimp activity, shape, color, reflexes, and feeding behavior to detect early signs of abnormalities. Pay special attention to phenomena such as shrimp surfacing after rain, soft shells, and gills turning pink or reddish pink.
FEED MANAGEMENT AND SHRIMP HEALTH CARE
Excess feed is the main cause of pond pollution, creating conditions for toxic gases to develop and green algae to grow strongly, causing water pH to fluctuate and leading to problems such as black gills and fouling. When the weather is overcast or there is heavy rain, feed should be reduced by about 20–30% compared with normal because after rain, the water environment changes and shrimp eat less.
To enhance shrimp resistance, it is advisable to regularly use probiotics, vitamin C, digestive enzymes, garlic enzymes, and organic acids to support the gut. Additional lime and minerals, especially calcium, magnesium, and potassium, help shrimp grow well.
Source: Nguoinuoitom.vn
