In shrimp farming, infections caused by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) have become a major threat in Asia, affecting production and sustainability in aquaculture. To effectively control EHP, biosecurity management and good shrimp farming practices play a key role.
THE IMPORTANCE OF BIOSECURITY MANAGEMENT
Preventing EHP begins with selecting disease-free broodstock to prevent pathogens from entering the farming system. In addition, procedures such as chlorination, dechlorination of water, liming, drying, and tilling of ponds are recommended measures to limit the spread of EHP spores.
EHP spores can be inactivated by heating at 75 °C or freezing at –20 °C. In addition, treating ponds with quicklime (CaO) before stocking also helps reduce the risk of spore spread thanks to the low pH.
EHP TESTING AND EARLY DETECTION
Farmed shrimp should be regularly tested using molecular techniques such as eDNA. Sampling from multiple locations in the pond helps detect the presence of pathogens quickly and effectively.
BOOSTING SHRIMP IMMUNITY
The innate immune system is shrimp’s primary defense. Feeds containing zinc and selenium have been shown to help strengthen the immune system and promote rapid recovery. In addition, recent research has created transgenerational innate immunity in shrimp, helping them effectively resist infectious diseases.
IMMUNOSTIMULANTS: A POTENTIAL SOLUTION
Immunostimulants are a promising solution for enhancing shrimp’s non-specific defenses. Unlike antibiotics, immunostimulants do not leave harmful residues, helping protect the health of both shrimp and humans.
FOOD SAFETY AND THE SUPPLY CHAIN
Although there is no evidence that EHP infects humans, detecting the disease in shrimp is still essential to ensure food safety. Biochemical tests and 16S rRNA analysis help monitor changes in the gut microbiota and shrimp health status.
CONCLUSION
Managing EHP requires integrated strategies, from biosecurity management to in-depth research on immunity and epidemiology. Effective prevention now is the key to ensuring the sustainability of the aquaculture industry in the future.
Source: Hiểu Lam
nguoinuoitom.vn
