I. CAUSE:
Salmonellosis caused by Salmonella includes several strains: Salmonella pullorum (Salmonella pullorum disease), S. gallinarum (Fowl typhoid), ... and Paratyphoid.
1. Pullorum disease: caused by Salmonella pullorum; Occurs in chickens and turkeys, causing greatest losses in chickens under 4 weeks of age (highest at 7-10 days of age).
- Symptoms: Anorexia, diarrhea, anus covered by white stools, stunted, underdeveloped hair, accumulation, atrophic crest, pale.
- Lesions:
+ Many gray nodules on heart, lung, liver, spleen, peritoneum, gizzard, intestinal pancreas.
+ Ovarian abnormalities through discoloration of follicles in adult chickens.
+ Rarely inflammation peritoneum, bubonic or fallopian tube off.
+Swollen tibial joints.
- Differential diagnosis:
+ Damage to the liver and heart differentiated from infections caused by other Salmonella and Campylobacteriosis, Colibacillosis, Omphalitis.
+ Neurological damage differentiated from neurological symptoms of Newcastle disease.
+ Injury to the respiratory tract must be differentiated from fungal diseases.
+ Injury to the joints differentiated from inflammation of the synovial membrane and cholecystitis caused by other viruses and bacteria.
2. Fowl typhoid: caused by Salmonella gallinarum; Occurs mainly in chickens and turkeys, rarely in other birds, pet birds and wild birds.
- Symptoms: Similar to Pullorum disease.
- Lesions:
+ In turkey: enlarged liver, spleen and kidneys. Pale body.
+ Inflammation of the first part of the intestine.
- Differential diagnosis: such as Pullorum disease
3. Paratyphoid infection: An acute and chronic infectious disease in poultry. The most common is Salmonella typhimurium in birds younger than 1-month-old.
- Symptom:
+ Dropping wings
+ Shivering, standing near the heat source
+ Muscle tremors
- Lesions:
+ Small particle lesions on the spleen
+ Injury nodules on the intestine
+Enteritis
+Dehydration
+ Inability to absorb egg yolks and umbilitis.
+Rarely joint infections
+Blind, swollen eyes
Differential diagnosis: such as Pullorum disease
II. TREATMENT
All diseases are caused by Salmonella spp. Therefore, there is no need to distinguish species in real cases (often used in research and laboratory culture). The following measures can be taken to control the disease:
1. Injection (Inj):
The injection of poultry has many difficulties. However, we recommend for use in the case of small-scale farming, or high economic value poultry (ornamental birds, fighting chickens, etc.), or the farm can be used separately for treatment of serious diseases in the first days, then continue to oral route
a. Antibiotics:
Choose antibiotics with antibacterial spectrum on Salmonella spp .. The following products can be used to treat:
Vime Floro FDP 1ml / 5kg body weight, once daily, for 4-5 consecutive days.
Or Tylovet 1ml / 5 kg body weight, once daily, for 4-5 consecutive days.
Or Enroxic LA 1ml / 25 kg body weight, every 48 hours / dose, 3 doses.
b. Supportive drugs: Help to improve immunity system, strengthen the body:
Vimekat: 1ml / 5kg, day / time, 2-3 doses,
2. Feed or drink :
Taking the medicine by feeding or drinking is convenient because it does not cause stress to the herd. However, the effectiveness of treatment is not as expected: slow to recover, severe illness cases are difficult to control. When chickens get sick, they do not eat or drink less, the taste of medicine makes chickens reduce their appetite, medicines will be uneven, ...
a. Antibiotic:
- Choose antibiotics that have an antibacterial spectrum on Salmonella spp., Or antibiotics that can treat another disease (if it is a transplant disease).
- Purpose:
+ Help control pathogens in the whole herd
+ Combined with drug injection to help prolong the time with high drug concentration in the body
+ Reduce stress for the herd due to injection.
- Drug recommendation:
+ Vime Floro FDP drink: 1ml / 10kg body weight (or 1ml / liter of drinking water), for 5-7 continuous days
+ Or Vime-Florcol 400 1kg / ton of feed, for 7 consecutive days.
+ Or Vimenro 200 1ml / 10-15kg body weight, or 1ml / 1-1.5 liters of drinking water, for 5-7 consecutive days
b. Supportive drugs:
Elecamin: 2ml / liter of drinking water for 5-7 consecutive days
Or Vimix plus: 1g / liter of drinking water, for 5-7 consecutive days
Glucose combination KC: 1 g / liter of drinking water, continuously for 7 days
III. PREVENTION
Prevention of typhoid disease has many difficulties because the disease is transmitted vertically from parent chickens to eggs. Sometimes the parents are not infected, but the chicks can be infected by external factors such as tools, incubators, hatches, ... Therefore, thorough prevention needs synchronization in the management of the breeding environment, disinfection of the barn. , seed-free from disease, hatchery equipment hygiene, and rigorous program of vaccination for breeding herds.
Vaccine: use inoculation for laying hens (broiler or commercial egg hen) to help avoid vertical transmission, from brood to egg to chicks.
Chickens (about 14 weeks old or more)
- Nose 1: Live vaccine SG9R line (Cevac SG9R)
- Nose 2: (about 3-4 weeks after the first one): Inactivated vaccine (Corymune 4 and Corymune 7)
